Model Hubungan Politik Era Pemerintahan Jokowi: Mengkaji Peran Media dan Partisipasi Publik

Gun Gun Heryanto

Abstract


Phenomenon of governance Joko Widodo (Jokowi) is about a model of political relations between actors. Interaction takes place between the ruling elite (state actors) and the community (society actors). Therefore, it is difficult to avoid when the then competition between the interests of the ruling elite and society become dominant in the political process, both at the decision-making and policy implementation. In the exercise of power, it is used to turn up and gained four patterns of political interaction that is complementary patterns, accommodate, compete with and replace. Is asymmetrical relationship model that is not too clear who the opponent and friend. Political cooperation often take the option koopsi the cause potential swingers in the coalition. This, due to the lack of a dominant winning party in the middle of a strong fragmented multiparty system (a highly fragmented Multiparty system) so that all parties would prefer a consensus democracy. In the midst of the crush various issues, public participation is often expressed through mass media and social media. This can be understood as non-conventional forms of political participation.


Keywords


Political Relations, Public Participation, Mass Media and Social Media

Full Text:

PDF

References


Baxter, L.A. and Monthgomery, B.M. (1996). Relating: Dialogues and Dialectics. New York: Guildford Press.

Berita Resmi Statistik, Badan Pusat Statistik No. 55/07/Th. XVII, 4 Juli 2014.

Bimber, B., Flanagin, A. J., & Stohl, C. (2005). Reconceptualizing collective action in the contemporary media environment. Communication Theory. Vol. 15. No. 4, pp 365.

Bratton, M., Mattes, R., & Gyimah-Boadi, E. (2005). Public opinion, democracy, and market reform in Africa. New York. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Castell, Manuel (2012). The Network of Outrage and Hope: Social Movement in the Internet Age. UK: Polity, Cambridge.

Denhardt, Robert B., & Janet V. Denhardt. (2006). Public administration: An action orientation, 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

Gismar, A.M. dan Syarif Hidayat (2010). Reformasi Setengah Matang. Jakarta. Mizan.

Hamid, Usman dan AE Priyono (2014) (Ed). Merancang Arah Baru Demokrasi Indonesia Pasca-Reformasi. Jakarta: Kelompok Penerbit Gramedia (KPG).

Hamid, Veronica. (2014). Angin Harapan Demokrasi Digital, Nostalgia Demokrasi Klasik, Transformasi Ruang Publik, dan Politisasi Media Sosial. Jakarta: KPG.

Haryanto, Ignatius (2014). Monopoli Media dan Runtuhnya Independensi Jurnalistik. Jakarta: KPG.

Helmke, G., and Levitsky, S. (2004). Informal Institutions and Comparative politics: A Research Agenda. Perspective on Politics. Vol. 2 No. 4.

Himelboim, Itai. (2011). Civil Society and Online Political Discourse: The Network Structure of Unrestricted Discussions. Communication Research. Vol. 38. No. 5, pp. 634–659.

Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia (2012). Diskrepansi Antara Tuntutan dan Perilaku Demkokrasi. Jakarta: Kementrian Koordinator Bidang Politik, Hukum dan Keamanan.

Keane, John. (1998, Augustus 28). The Humbling of the Intellectual, Public life in the Era of Communicative Abundance. In Times Literary Supplement.

Lizphart, A. (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Have. CT: Yale Univer sity Press.

Mattes, R., & Bratton, M. (2007). Learning about democracy in Africa: Awareness, performance and experience. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 51, pp. 192–217.

McChesney, R. W (1999). Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

McLeod, Jack M. et.al. (1999). Community, Communication, and Participation: The Role of Mass Media and Interpersonal Discussion in Local Political Participation. Political Communication. Vol. 16, pp. 315–336.

Nisbet, E. C. (2008). Media use, democratic citizenship, and communication gaps in developing democracy. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Vol. 20, pp. 454–482.

Nisbet, Erik C., et al., (2012). Internet Use and Democratic Demands: A Multinational, Multilevel Model of Internet Use and Citizen Attitudes About Democracy. Journal of Communication.

Olvera, Alberto J. (2010), The Elusive Democrac-Political Parties, Democratic Institutions and Civil Society in Mexico/Latin American. Research Fellow- Special Issues.

Papacharissi, Lihat Zizi A. (2010). A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age. UK: Polity, Cambridge.

Schmitt-Beck, R., & Voltmer, K. (2007). The mass media in third wave democracies: Gravediggers or seedsmen of democratic consolidation? In R. Gunther, H-J. Puhle, & J. R. Montero (Eds.), Democracy, intermediation, and voting on four continents (pp. 75–134). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Sen, Krisna dan David T Hill (2000). Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia. Melbourne : Oxford University Press.

Sudibyo, Agus dan Nezar Patria (2013). Ditempa Pertarungan Modal Industri Pertelevisian di Indonesia Pasca-Otoritarianisme, Prisma. Vol. 32. No. 1.

Tufekci, Zeynep dan Christopher Wilson. (2012). Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication.

Urbinati, Nadia, and Mark E. Warren. (2008). The concept of representation in contemporary democratic theory. Annual Review of Political Science. Vol. 11, pp. 387–412.

Verschoor, Marco. (2015). The democratic boundary problem and social contract theory. European Journal of Political Theory. Vol. , No. , pp. 1–20.

William. (2002). Politics in Southeast Asia: Democracy or Less. Routledge, p. 6-8.

Woodside, Arch G. (2010). Case Study Research: Theory, Methods, Practice. UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/jc.v1i1.35

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
Jurnal Communicate is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.